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Usain Bolt , the three-fold Olympic golden medal sprinter from Jamaica , predicted this week that he could break his own populace track record of 9.69 seconds in the 100 meter sprint with a time as low as 9.54 seconds . He claim his charabanc told him its possible , so he trust him . His coach , Glen Mills , may have just finished take some novel enquiry arrive out of Duke University that showed sprinter and swimmer who are taller , heavier but more slender are the ace break world criminal record .
At first glance , it may not make sentiency thatbigger athleteswould be faster . However , Jordan Charles , a late engineering science grad at Duke , plotted all of the macrocosm record holder in the 100 time sprint and the 100 meter swim since 1900 against their height , weight and a measurement he call " slenderness . "
Jesse Owens at start of a record-breaking 200-meter race in the 1936 Olympics in Berlin. Owens won four gold medals, for the 100-meter, 200-meter, long jump and 4x100 relay.
macrocosm record sprintershave arrive at an average of 6.4 inches in height since 1900 , while champion natator have shot up 4.5 inches , compared to the mere deadly average meridian addition of 1.9 column inch .
During the same fourth dimension , about 7/10 of a second have been shaved off of the 100 - meter dash while over 14 seconds have come off the 100 - metre swimming record .
What ’s going on
Charles put on the " constructal theory " he learn from his wise man Adrian Bejan , a mechanically skillful engineering professor at Duke , that describe how objects move through their surround .
" Anything that moves , or anything that flow , must acquire so that it flows more and more easily , " Bejan said . " Nature wants to find a smoother path , to flow more easily , to find oneself a path with less resistance , " he tell . " The brute purpose never gets there , but it tries to be the least imperfect tense that it can be . "
Their inquiry is reported in the current on-line version of the Journal of Experimental Biology .
For locomotion , a human needs to overpower two forces , gravity and clash . First , an jock would postulate to lift his foot off the ground or keep his body at the urine personal credit line without sink . Second , melodic line resistance for the sprinter and water resistance for the bather will limit focal ratio .
So , the first step is actually weight lifting , which a heavy , potent athlete will surpass at . The second whole step is to move through the space with the least rubbing , which emphasizes the new slenderness factor .
By comparing top with a calculated " breadth " of the jock , slenderness is a measurement of muckle spread out over a farseeing framing . The jock that can establish on moremuscle massover a aerodynamic frame will have the advantage .
The number
In swimming , legendary Hawaiian champion Duke Kahanamoku dress the world phonograph recording in 1912 with a sentence of 61.6 seconds with a figure thinness of 7.88 . Some 96 year later , Eamon Sullivan let down the populace mark to 47.05 seconds at a slenderness factor of 8.29 .
As the athletes ’ slenderness gene has risen over the years , the winning times have dropped .
In 1929 , Eddie Tolan ’s earth - record 100 metre dash of 10.4 seconds was attain with a slenderness factor of 7.61 . WhenUsain Boltran 9.69 second in the 2008 Olympics , his slenderness was also 8.29 while also being the tallest champion in history at 6 - foot 5 - inches .
“ The trends revealed by our analysis suggest that speeding records will continue to be command by heavier and marvellous jock , ” said Charles . “ We believe that this is due to the constructal rules of animal locomotion and not the contemporaneous increase in the average size of humans . ”
So , how tight didthe original Olympiansrun ? Charles used an anthropology finding for Greek and Roman body mass and plug it into his formula .
“ In antiquity , physical structure weight unit were roughly 70 percent of what they are today , ” Charles order . “ Using our hypothesis , a 100 - m dash that is bring home the bacon in 13 second would have occupy about 14 instant back then . ”
Bolt arrange his prediction to the tryout next calendar month at the raceway and theater world title in Berlin . His main contention is Asafa Powell , the previous world criminal record holder , who is shorter and has a slenderness factor of 7.85 . My money is on the Lightning Bolt .
